Mao’s Theory of Revolution
He has united the two aspects of the revolution – the nationalist revolution which was against the imperialist powers and the democratic revolution which was against the feudal landlords. The mothers believed that these two revolutions were dependent on each other.
He has written – “Unless imperialism is uprooted and thrown away, it is not possible to end the atrocities of the feudal landlords. Similarly, powerful military units cannot be mobilized to end the imperialist rule unless the farmers are prepared to fight the feudal landlord class.”
In this way, Mao combined both the revolutions and created his democratic revolution ( Presented the theory of People’s Revolution).
Mao considered people’s power as the basis of revolution and said – Weapons have their importance in war but they are not decisive. Decisions are made by humans, not by inanimate objects. Mao gave the peasant class his He was not considered the architect of the revolution. Mao organized his own revolutionary political organization by organizing the farmers. Mao insisted on adopting the path of seizing power by instigating civil war through revolution and gave importance to the role of the proletariat in this. Mao believed that only the countryside could play an important role in the revolutionary struggle. He believed that cities could only be surrounded by the countryside, which was occupied by anti- communist forces. Mao planned to train peasant revolutionaries in guerrilla warfare. He freed the farmers from the atrocities of the landlords and moved towards the cities.
In this way Mao achieved the dual objectives of the revolution simultaneously. Liberating rural areas from feudalism and moving towards cities to establish communism was the specific technique of Mao’s revolution.
According to Chinese conditions, Mao made revolution an eternal process and instead of limiting it to the revolution of the proletariat, he obtained the cooperation of other classes. He chose four classes for the revolution – farmers, workers, small poor class and national capitalists. By national capitalists he meant those capitalists who were sympathetic to the socialist revolution. Among these classes, Mao gave the most importance to the peasant class. He said that the leadership of poor farmers is very important. There can be no revolution without poor farmers. His insult is an insult to the revolution. An attack on them is an attack on the revolution. In Mao’s view the peasant class is also included in the proletariat class. This proletarian class is the driving force of the revolution. Mao has shown himself to be a people’s advocate by giving importance to the common people. Mao later made many reforms in China’s agricultural system on the basis of the democratic
Mao’s Cultural Revolution.:-
After the failure of the ‘Leap Forward’ movement of 1958, Mao propounded the theory of ‘Proletarian Cultural Revolution’. Mao stressed that the victory of Marxism or the strengthening of communism in China required an ideological and emotional revolution. For the success of Maoism in the world, it is necessary to have cultural unity among all Maoists. Mao believed that communist revolution is a long struggle, in which along with economic and political change, cultural change is also necessary. Mao said, “There is no doubt that the economic results have proved impressive, but to give communism an international form, it is necessary that the form of the revolution be versatile. The decade from 1966 to 1976 is the time of proletarian cultural revolution in the history of modern China.
In 1966, Mao launched a program of Cultural Revolution to remove the conflict between mental and physical labor in the Chinese socialist society. Mao tried to reduce the importance of the party and increase the importance of the people through the Cultural Revolution. He believed that without public cooperation, no social welfare program can be completed nor can stability be maintained in the state. Through this revolution, Mao reduced the importance of the party by giving importance to red volunteers. He formed revolutionary committees in various cities and districts by including new revolutionary youth and old loyal workers of the state in the Chinese National Army and handed over all the powers of the party to them. In this way Mao strengthened his ruling hold in the name of leadership of the people. Mao made arrangements to send educated youth to the villages so that they could teach new knowledge to the villagers.
In this way Mao tried to erase the difference between cities and villages, such efforts were never made by Marxist-Leninists. In this way, cultural revolution is as important as industrial revolution. Because by creating a new system of knowledge he made the common people realize the value of industrialization. Such an effort had never been made before in the history of the socialist movement. Therefore, Mao’s cultural movement was an important step in developing Chinese society. The aim of this revolution was not only to strengthen power, but also to bring fundamental changes in the society so that political consciousness could arise among the proletariat.